Os modelos de democracia participativa nas discussões dos orçamentos públicos: Uma análise das experiências nas discussões do orçamento estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, sob o modelo contratualista e da Public Choice

Abstract

This paper presents and analyzes the models of participatory democracy under contractualist assumptions of Rousseau and the "Public Choice". Through the historical and comparative method, the experiences of Rio Grande do Sul in the last 25 years are described. To achieve the objective, the research was exploratory, advancing the literature review for the study of cases. Will be presented chronologically, the Coredes, the Popular Consultation, which started in 1998 and resumed in 2003, the Participatory Budget 1999-2002, and the State System of Public Participation and Citizen since 2011 The analysis enabled the construction of a and fundamental characteristic matrix present in each model elements. The study made possible the construction of a proposed classification of models for application, generalized and universal way to qualification of any other model of participatory democracy at all levels of government. After application of the new classification methodology, only the experience of Participatory Budgeting, from 1999-2002, hit enough to frame it as broad or significant elements model of participatory democracy. The Popular Participation and Citizenship System, only the Budget Cycle, since it included the Popular Consultation has elements to classify it in partial or incomplete model. Other experiments, Coredes, the Popular Consultation (in isolation), and other structures of the State System of Popular and Citizen Participation, as the State Council for Economic and Social Development, the Digital Office and Mayors did not reach enough characteristic to classify them as participatory democracy elements. It is considered that the latter spaces generate adverse effects, restricting the participation of society in general. At the end, it is concluded that the contractarian assumptions are validated with the difficulty of the expansion of participatory democracy in larger spaces State. Similarly, the power to decide disputes over the state, validate the assumptions of Public Choice, functioning in election cycles. The alternative would be to democracy itself, with the expansion of spaces for deliberating on the public budget.