Projeto e aplicação de brise vegetal em escola, visando conforto térmico e conscientização ambiental

Abstract

The increase in temperature in urban areas caused by urbanization and magnified by global warming, has brought new questions about thermal comfort and the excessive use of air conditioning in urban homes.Thus, alternative solutions to these problems, based on the use of vegetation, especially green facade, are evaluated in this study. This type of practice minimizes the effects of solar radiation on walls during warmer periods, and can be designed to allow wall heating during the cold period, which is appropriate for southern Brazil region. In addition, green facade bring several ecosystem benefits within the urban environment, including the reduction of air pollution, acoustic noise and, through respiration and photosynthesis of the vegetation, can make the environment cooler, softening the phenomenon called Urban Heat Islands. Therefore, this work presents a review of the main aspects related to thermal comfort, sustainable buildings, bioclimatic architecture, green facade tipology, highlighting their benefits, and indications of the most suitable climbing plants with potential for using in the Southern Brazilian region. In addition to this review, the work also presents a desing of a green curtain, developed and executed in a Philanthropic Teaching Institution, named Colégio Marista Santa Marta, located in the city of Santa Maria, RS in a region of high social vulnerability. Therefore, the strategy adopted in this work was an action-research, aiming to implement a set of green curtain using low cost materials, due to greater appeal for application in social interest housing. The green curtain desing was previously carried out, considering technical criteria for elaboration and execution. The schools students were involved in diferent activities helded in the school, as an educational lecture, followed by the delivery of a booklet with instructions on how to care and how to make a green curtain. In a second moment, 18 girls from this institution were offered the opportunity to assemble green curtain installed on the external walls of the schools games room, which has problems related to the large solar incidence, justifying the implementation of this structure. Knowledge from different areas of Civil Engineering was used for the accomplishment of this work, besides the necessity of contact with techniques from other areas of knowledge.