Ontologia e desenvolvimento desigual: considerações sobre o desenvolvimento a partir de Marx

Abstract

The aim of the present dissertation is to understand the unequal development phenomenon, both about the complexes of social life and in capitalist general economic development from Marx’s work. For this, is rescued Marx’s theory of the development of social being, from his ontology. First, the different interpretations about Marx's social theory and development are exposed. The first comprises teleology in history defended by Marx and the tendency to equalize capitalist development. The second interpretation attributes to the author a paradigm shift in his thinking in the late 1850’s, giving way to a multilinear position of development. It is perceived that these interpretations have limitations if contrasted with the work of the author. We can see Marx's rejection of any teleological developmental in deterministic way in written in the 1840’s. On the other hand, to fulfill the purpose, is rescued the elaboration of a theory of development through his ontology of social being, whose key refers to the increase in the degree of complexity of social relations. By understanding society as the interaction of several social complexes that interact in a complex way, all development has as its immanent characteristic the inequality of development. With regard to the proper development of the capitalist mode of production, the development of this social formation also appears as unequal. It is perceived that the relations between more developed and less developed capitals in the world market have in the transference of surplus-value the key to an unequal economic relationship and international domination among countries.