Perfil de fatores de risco cardiovascular dos usuários das unidades de atenção primária à saúde da região central do município de Santa Maria – RS.

Abstract

This study aims to characterize cardiovascular risk factors of users aged 20 to 79 attended at the primary health care units of the central urban area of the municipality of Santa Maria. This is an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted through field research. The study was developed in all primary care units of the urban center of the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. The sample was randomized in a total of 137 users. The collection started only after approval by the Research Ethics Committee CAAE 60159416.2.0000.5346 Seem 1.772.115 in 12/10/2016 and was carried out from March to May 2017. The data obtained reveal that the sample studied presented the majority of white participants, single, of Catholic religion, and who studied between 11 and 13 years. About the occupation the majority are retired or dedicate themselves exclusively to the care of the family and the home. They have an average monthly income of R $ 3,466.74. In housing conditions, the majority live in the same household with another three or four people in their own home, masonry, with sewage and water supplied by a treatment plant. On the Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors 42.3% of users drink alcoholic beverages; 16.8% smoke and 30.6% smoke passively; 37.2% have already done or are being treated for depression and 54.7% consider themselves to be stressed people. In addition, 55.5% do not practice physical activity, 54.7% are overweight and 38.7% are obese. In the low / intermediate risk factors 36.5% presented a family history of premature cardiovascular event; 26.3% were treated for systemic arterial hypertension and 24.1% reported a previous diagnosis of dyslipidemia. The high cardiovascular risk factors were: Diabetes Mellitus 13.1% and peripheral vascular disease 13.1%. He pointed out that 46% of the interviewees had Systolic Blood Pressure above 120 mmHg and 35% with Diastolic Blood Pressure above 80 mmHg at the time of the interview. The lipid profile and fasting glycemia of the participants in whom the values were obtained, 62% had total cholesterol values higher than 190 mg / dL, 54% low density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than 130 mg / dL, 35% triglycerides above of 150 mg / dL and 22.5% fasting glycemia greater than 100 mg / dL. It is concluded that the predominance of risk factors of the participants are those classified as modifiable, being overweight, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, smoking habit and dyslipidemia. Nursing has a rich field of action, in which it is necessary to plan care actions, preventive practices of diseases and complications of Cardiovascular Diseases, and may also act in actions to promote health.