Associações polonesas união das sociedades Kultura e Oswiata (Curitiba -PR) – antagonismos e polonidade(s) na diáspora (1890-1939)

Abstract

This thesis, developed in the Graduate Program/PhD in History of the Federal University of Santa Maria/RS, aims to understand the (re)construction of polonity(s) among Polish immigrants in the imagined community, based on representations and discourses, social and cultural processes, transitoriness and negotiations given in the sociabilities of the Kultura and Oswiata Associations, constituted on ethnic-cultural identity bases in the Polish community of Paraná, the largest community of Polish migrants and descendants in Brazil, acting as centralizations of the Polish sociabilities in this country, whose problems is: To what extent the Polish Ethnic Associations Union of Kultura and Oswiata societies, made official in the post-reunification of the Polish State, articulate themselves to representations of polonity(s), linking to a community imagined in the diaspora? The first, with progressive orientation and the second Catholic-clerical, whose activities, in the first half of the 20th century, are focused at the Polish community in Brazil, both centralized in the city of Curitiba – PR, through affiliations, guide the other Polish ethnic societies in the Brazilian regions of immigration and Polish colonization. Therefore, we count with the analysis of documentary, photographic and biographical sources produced in relation to these social processes, whether they are official organs of the associations themselves and their members, many of them located in the São Vicente de Paulo Collection in Curitiba PR. Our temporal delimitation is defined by mass emigration, the "Brazilian fever" (1890), until the nationalization and the beginning of World War II (1939), when the ethnic social identity processes and the ethnic activities of the associations in Brazil are restricted by the intervention of the policy of nationalization and the construction of Brazil. Among our theoretical framework, we highlight: Anderson (2008), Poutignat & Streiff-Fenart & Fredrik Barth (1969, 2011), Baumann (2012), Cuche (2002), Hall (2003, 2006, 2013), Burke (2003) Chartier (1989). We uncover conflicts, negotiations, inter-ethnic contacts and borders, symbolic-cultural processes linked to the community imagined in the diaspora. The Kultura and Oswiata Associations, tangentiating the goal of his creation after the reunification and reconquest of the independence of Poland, have proved to be important spaces of ethnic and cultural articulation, whose sociabilities and articulations of intellectuals and ethnic agents and the ethnic press were effective in the representation of polonity(s). These processes of identity (re)construction shared both symbolic dimensions brought from Poland and those built in the diaspora, in the dynamics of cultural, social and interethnic relations of the new realities. Such delimited investigations are potentially relevant to expand the knowledge in History, and also in History of Education on issues related to immigration in Brazil and ethnic associative organizations, emerging new elements and contributing in a social and scientific sense in the unveiling of files and the production of documents. The ethnic associative organizations were singular initiatives based on ethnic, cultural, political and ideological definitions that left important contribution to the Brazilian society.