O uso de modalidades tarifárias para redução do impacto causado pelo carregamento de veículos elétricos ao sistema de distribuição

Abstract

The growing need for more efficient ways of transport and the manage of natural resources represents an important factor in the technological development of many areas of expertise. This necessity puts Electric Vehicles (EVs) as an attractive solution to supply the demand for transport and environmental preservation of urban areas. With that in mind, be it for political matters or for the need of turning large urban centers less agressive to the environment, lots of countries already started doing tax cuts as a way to promote this change. In this context, if there is a significant number of EVs seeking for a recharge at the same time, the operation of the electric power system might become compromised. In order to observe if the current system is able to keep working properly, it will be made an analysis related to the load increase caused by the penetration of EVs in the distribution system. Such approach will take in account the economic aspect, evaluating the viability of the use of coordenated charging methods allied to the use of different tariff modes, such as the "Tarifa Branca", which its known for varying its price throughout the day. In order to validate the data obtained during the development of this paper, a change of tariff alongside different cenarios of charging, with variable times of penetration and number o vehicles connected to the grid, will be implemented. Lastly, this analysis objective is to identify possible solutions to the load increase in order to avoid problems to the distribution system that are related to the recharge of EVs. The results show that the use of the "Tarifa Branca"as well as the coordenated charging is viable to reduce the load peak, however they do not provide a discount to the costumer, making this strategy not viable. Nevertheless, these results are promissing and must be considered for different cases.