Índice de desenvolvimento rural para o Corede Central do Rio Grande do Sul (2010): análise multivariada

Abstract

Rural development is important because it is a necessary process to promote social, economic and environmental changes in rural areas, in order to improve the social and economic well-being and the quality of life of rural populations. In this monograph, the main objective was to build a Rural Development Index (IDR) for the COREDE Central of Rio Grande do Sul, composed of 19 municipalities. The most homogeneous municipalities were presented and what factors were part of the composition of rural development and their differences. The methodology used in the research was Cluster Analysis, Factor Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, where the cluster analysis was performed to verify the similarity of the variables and two groups were reduced to nine variables, from which it was used for the analysis. factor analysis and analysis of the main components. These resulted in two eigenvalues greater than 1, which explain 87.30% of the total variance of the data and two IDRs were arrived at. The results show the profile of the region with great dependence on the agricultural sector, with low diversity of the economic base and a certain concentration of land ownership. The two IDRs show these regional characteristics, when in the midst of multiple variables belonging to four dimensions (social, demographic, economic and environmental), of development, the highlight is the production of soy (SOJ) and rice (ARR) and high gross value added (GVA) in the agricultural sector, with the economic dimension predominating. The other sectors, commerce, services and industries are encouraged by the rural sector. The municipalities of Júlio de Castilhos and Tupanciretã are represented by the IDR2 constructed with the variables: value of soybean production and high GVA, demonstrating the predominance of the economic dimension and thus confirming the reality where these two municipalities figure as the largest soybean producers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and the municipalities of Agudo and Santa Maria are represented by the IDR1 formed by the variables: number of rural establishments with pest and / or disease control (ECP) and rural population employed in the rural environment (POC) demonstrating the predominance the environmental and demographic dimension.