Mulheres venezuelanas refugiadas em contexto de mobilidade e reterritorialização: violências, vulnerabilidades e interseccionalidade

Abstract

The proposed study is in the field of women's health and permeates the discussions of the care network to address violence against refugee women. It aimed to analyze the experiences of violence against women and the multiple vulnerabilities that permeate the context of mobility and reterritorialization of refugee women, and their intersectionalities. This is a qualitative approach study, supported by the theoretical framework of Vulnerability and Human Rights, developed with a community of Venezuelan refugees in the city of Chapada / RS. The study participants were ten Venezuelan refugee women from this community. Data were collected from February to April 2019 through in-depth individual interviews. For the analysis of the obtained data, the Thematic Type Content Analysis proposed by Minayo was used, and still in the light of the theoretical framework and conceptual framework of Vulnerability and Human Rights. The recommendations provided for in Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council were followed, respecting the regulatory standards for research involving human beings. The analysis of the participants' reports was organized into two thematic categories: Experiences of Violence, and Vulnerabilities to Violence against Women. The experiences of violence evidenced in the reports point to the contexts of the native country, the migratory process and even the reterritorialization as scenarios of violence. These were constituted as structural, intrafamily, intimate partner and institutional violence, as well as moral, psychological, physical and sexual forms. Aspects that confer individual vulnerability are reflected in the body and state of health and available personal resources such as level of knowledge and access to information, education, family relationships, friendship and social support networks, affective-sexual relationships, and professional relationships. . The aspects that confer social vulnerability are the stigmatization processes facing the gender and racial relations established in society, as well as the difficulties of access to employment. As for the programmatic actions developed in the context of territorialization, they protect women from situations of vulnerability to violence, since it is a desired scenario of migration, and therefore, access to health, care and legal services were designed and structured to receive this population contingent in the city. It has been shown that the intersectionality of race, class, gender and nationality increases the vulnerability of refugee Venezuelan women to violence against women and produces oppressions that encourage disempowerment.