Qualidade de vida no trabalho e absenteísmo: um estudo em uma instituição de ensino superior pública

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the Quality of Life at Work and Absenteeism in a public higher education institution from the perspective of People Management and from the perspective of the server. The methodological approach used was based on the Biopsychosocial Model BPSO- 96 and the Ergonomics of Activity applied to Quality of Life at Work EAA-QVT. To do so, we review some of the concepts and models of QWL, as well as the concept of Absenteeism. The quantitative instruments used were an adapted version of the QWLQ-78 (Quality of Working Life Questionnaire) and the Labor Absenteeism Factor Scale – EFAL. The qualitative instruments were the Quality of Work Life Assessment Inventory / IA_QVT and semi-structured interview in the focus group with QWL managers of the agency. A total of 309 employees and five managers, all staffed at the analyzed institution, participated in the survey. The Interviews with the focus group took place in September 2019. The questionnaires for the servers were prepared and applied in person to the servers from September 1 to October 2, 2019. The quantitative analysis showed, overall, that the perception of the participating servers regarding QWL, was considered satisfactory with an average of 3.07 and DP 0,238. Regarding the conditioning factors that lead to absenteeism, the perception of servers globally, demonstrates low knowledge and delimits little importance, since the average was 1.55 and DP 0,565. From the qualitative analyzes, primarily from the focus group with managers, important speeches emerged through the word cloud and the similarity tree that showed the concern of management with the theme, since the most prominent words in the cloud were Server, Work and Person. For the analysis of open questions about the sources of Well-Being and Malaise with the servers, the two word clouds generated brought the words Colleague, Work, Stability (Well-Being) and the words Colleague, Work and Teacher (Malaise) -Be). The research allowed findings that can help People Management to identify some factors such as the dissatisfaction of servants with the prejudices that are still very recurrent in the institution's units, the quality of the relations between the heads and their teams, as well as the discontent regarding the criteria currently used for the appointment of heads on the agency, the creation of people management centers in the units in order to expand and extend the actions bringing the server and management closer in order to solve possible problems still in the units. These factors can contribute to the promotion of QWL and help to reduce absenteeism by helping to reduce the distance between People Management and servers and improve communication and dissemination of actions developed, fostering actions focused on the realities presented by the servers.