Método heurístico para otimização do dimensionamento de uma microrrede de energia

Abstract

Microgrids are defined as a part of the energy distribution system, capable of operating connected to the main network or isolated, presenting an energy generation and storage system. It is extremely important to carry out studies and evaluate a methodology that can be applied to obtain the optimal sizing of the generation and storage components of a microgrid. Thus, the present work presents a heuristic optimization method based on an exhaustive search to obtain the optimal sizing of a microgrid combined with a photovoltaic generation and a battery storage system seeking to obtain the lowest value for the annual costs of the system. In addition to sizing the microgrid, an analysis of the expansion of the microgrid for a given horizon was performed by calculating the net present value. The expansion was carried out considering 2 scenarios to compensate for the reduction in the efficiency of the components and also the increase in the load consumption of the users. In the first case, the compensation is made by adding more photovoltaic panels and batteries, in the second case the compensation is made by increasing the energy consumption of the main grid. The microgrid was sized to have 162 photovoltaic panels and 77 batteries. Thus, with an annual cost of R$ 45,720.00, the average hourly rate for the micro network was calculated, resulting in R$/kWh 0.425. This price is lower than the average hourly rate of the distributor responsible for supplying energy in the region where the microgrid will be installed. Regarding the expansion analysis, the net present value showed that the scenario of acquisition of new components is the best strategy to mitigate the effects of efficiency reduction and load increase mentioned. At the end, a projection of the microgrid's behavior was made at the end of its useful life.