Pulverização eletrostática no controle de Giberella zea em trigo e Spodoptera frugiperda em milho

Abstract

Electrostatic spraying is a technology that can improve pesticide coverage on plant structures, improving pesticide performance, decreasing drift and increasing environmental safety. Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars are polyphagous, and cause severe damage to corn crops around the world, reducing crop productivity by up to 57%. Gibberella zeae is a fungus that proliferates in wheat spikelets causing decreased productivity, lower grain quality, it is also capable of producing as mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEA) that affect the health of humans and animals. The National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) determined maximum limits for the presence of these toxins in foods derived from wheat. An experiment was carried out to test the effectiveness of pesticide application with electrostatic equipment on Spodoptera frugiperda and Gibberella zeae pests. The experiment was carried out in the field in randomized blocks, with conventional maize plants without Baccilus thuringiensis technology, and wheat plants moderately susceptible to Giberella zae cultivar TBIO Sinuelo. The experiment therefore contains two factors, factor A: presence of equipment and factor B: application volume. The volumes selected for the applications of the experiments were 50, 100 and 150 L/ha. Flat fan tips AD 11001, AD11002 and AD 11003 were used for wheat test application and empty cone tips MAG 1, MAG 1.5 and MAG 3 were used for application in corn. Coverage (%), droplet density (N/cm²), volumetric median diameter and relative amplitude were obtained through the use of hydrosensitive boards. The results show that the electrostatic system improved coverage, droplet density and pest control in wheat and corn crops. The best results were found with 100 L/ha and 150 L/ha. The results show that the electrostatic system improved coverage, droplet density and pest control in wheat and corn crops. The best results were found with 100 L/ha and 150 L/ha. The electrostatic equipment did not change the droplet size, within the conditions under which the tests were carried out.