Securitização do véu islâmico integral: o caso da França

Abstract

The post-Cold War period was marked by changes in International Security Studies agenda, where the movement of deepening and broadening the discipline resulted in a broader understanding of security, comprising new processes and theories, including the Securitization Theory. With the advent of 9/11, security issues returned to be central in the international agenda and responses to the 2001 attacks catalyzed existing processes of building a perception and rhetoric of insecurity regarding the presence of the islamic population in the West, especially in the European context. As a result, this population comes to be perceived as an existential threat through a securitization movement, a process that affects men and women in a different way, once the islamic veil becomes central to the debate when a gendered perspective is applied. In this sense, the present work aims to investigate the stages of the securitization process of the islamic veil, analyzing security through an integrative agenda of different sectors, evaluating how international migration, terrorism and gender issues intersect in the analysis of securitization of the islamic veil. Thus, in order to answer how the veil securitization process is characterized in the case of France, it is necessary to observe each stage of the securitization process, understood through four dimensions: i) political discourse; ii) laws; iii) audience; and iv) exceptionality. The initial hypothesis is that the securitization process of the Islamic integral veil is articulated in four priority dimensions, including the legislative process, wherein the third dimension (audience) is more explicit and impactful in the securitization of the theme.The case of France was chosen because it represents the most prominent example when the restriction on the use of the islamic veil is debated. The work aims, therefore, to systematically assess the occurrence of the securitization process of Islam in relation to the female gender in France. In particular, it aims to debate the specificities and nuances of the securitization process from a gendered perspective and to analyze the content of speeches and laws that permeate this securitization process. Methodologically, the work is configured as a case study that, in addition to bibliographic review, makes use of content analysis with the support of the software IRAMUTEQ. This work offers a contribution to Security Studies by aiming for an integration of security agendas and providing a model for analyzing the securitization process through the definition of dimensions.