Ecoinovações nas firmas brasileiras: uma análise multivariada a partir dos dados da PINTEC 2017

Abstract

Eco-innovations refer to those innovations that fulfill the role of reducing the impact on the environment. Within the context of a process of paradigm shift, from the recent approach of the Green Economy, the study of this type of innovation becomes essential for the proposition of policies and analysis of the Brazilian context in this green transition. Therefore, this study sought to verify the influence of eco-innovations on the economic activities of Brazilian firms, included within the manufacturing industry; the extractive industry; the electricity and gas sector; and the service sector, based on data from PINTEC 2017. For this, this study used two methods of multivariate analysis: first, the exploratory factor analysis method was applied to the variables and, later, an index of eco-innovation, from the scores obtained in the factor analysis. The purpose of the index was to classify economic activities, defined by the CNAE, into those with very high, high, medium, low and very low eco-innovation trends. As a result, factor analysis grouped the variables into just one factor, called the effort to implement and effect eco-innovation. The index, in turn, revealed that Brazilian firms are mostly composed of activities with low or very low eco-innovation, revealing an inhomogeneous structure, with outdated capacity to implement innovations with reduced environmental risk more effectively.