A (in)visibilidade social de pessoas em situação de rua: representações fotográficas sobre a questão humanitária durante a pandemia de Covid-19 em São Paulo

Abstract

This research is developed from the communicational, social and humanitarian problems that affect people in a homeless situation in the economic capital of Brazil, São Paulo. Therefore, this research aims to study the communication and human rights related to the homeless people of the city of São Paulo during the Covid-19 pandemic, from the analysis of the social and humanitarian approach of the photographic gallery of the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo. For this purpose, studies have been deepened on communicative citizenship and the ways in which it can ensure the fulfillment of human rights for socially (in)visible beings. The research is also based on the portrait of people in social vulnerability, who are homeless, based on the concepts of photojournalism and public health. The discussion present in the corpus of the research is done through the analysis of the photographs, through categories proposed in the areas of news value and human value. The categories were thought of in a purposeful way and establish relationships between the theoretical concepts and photojournalism. In addition, it was necessary to develop a non-structured interview with the photojournalist Bruno Santos, from Folhapress, who explains journalism in practice and its main difficulties in adapting to the beginning of the pandemic. The methodology used in this context starts from bibliographic research and content and image analysis, a movement through which it was possible to observe the understanding of the humanization of photojournalism, taking into account the newsworthiness of the facts and understanding the problems of the contemporary world and social changes. The main results are related to the understanding of communicative citizenship, the social nobodies and their relationship with photojournalism in the development of humanitarian journalism. From the research it is understood that journalism is a tool of social change and the journalist is an actor in the evolution of society's thoughts.