Mastocitose com infiltração em medula óssea de cão: relato de caso

Abstract

Mast cell tumor is one of the most frequent neoplasms in dogs. Clinical presentation and biological behavior are variable, and most affected animals are adult and older dogs. Golden Retriever, French Bulldog, Boxer, Labrador Retriever, Shar-pei, Dachshund and cross breeds are predisposed. Neoplasm is characterized by the prolipheration of round cells, with Variable number of metachromatic cytoplasmatic granules. Mas cell tumor is most frequently a skin cancer and, less frequently, the systemic presentation is known as mastocytosis. Mastocytosis affects regional lymph nodes, visceral organs and/or bone marrow with or without the presence of circulating mast cells (mastocytemia). Fine needle cytology is an effective screening technique, which helps to establish an early diagnosis. Tumor grading is obtained by histological analysis. In addition, histochemistry and Immuno-histochemistry are useful to establish diagnosis and to determine biological behavior. Mast cell tumor can cause hematological abnormalities, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, leukocytosis, eosinofilia, basofilia and, occasionally, mastocytemia with or without bone marrow infiltration. However, it is not well known whether bone marrow infiltration causes hematological alterations, per se. This report describes a mast cell tumor in a pitbull dog with mastocytosis and multiple organ involvement. Mastocytemia is a rare finding and, together with mast cell tumor diagnosis, should be considered as an alert to the gravity of the disease, and help to guide therapy.