Jornalismo e racialidades: uma análise discursiva sobre a objetividade jornalística na produção de notícias de crimes raciais

Abstract

This work has as general objective to problematize the way journalism reports racial crimes and their discursive characteristics. Thus, the object of study was the way the news portals Folha de S.Paulo, G1, O Globo and Estadão reported the murder of Moïse Kabagambe, a young black man of twenty-four years, who was a political refugee and came to Brazil in search of better living conditions. On January 24, 2022, the young man was brutally murdered in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, at a kiosk in Barra da Tijuca, where he worked. Moïse was hit by thirty-nine blows, delivered by his bosses after collecting the late payments. The crime obtained a certain media repercussion, however, historically the journalistic discourse makes use of practices and linguistic mechanisms that often do not criminalize the murders of black people and report them as isolated cases, rather than a systemic condition of Brazil. Thus, as specific objectives, the following were defined: a) to problematize the notion of journalistic objectivity; b) explore the issues that lead to the choice of newsworth, c) question the exploitation of images of suffering of social minorities in order to "report" the racial crimes that involve them; d) to understand the issue of otherness from the crossing of the migratory and xenophobic issue in the journalistic discourse. This research is inserted in the field of Discourse Analysis and mobilizes concepts such as discursive formations Pêcheux (1994), the unsaid, Orlandi (2007,2009), and the condition of those who deserve to live and die Foucault (2008,1996). In order to observe the way journalism discusses raciality in its discourse (MODESTO, 2021), the concepts of structural racism, by Almeida (2018), outridade, by Kilomba (2018) and Ahmed (2000), as well as other notions such as the narcissistic pact of whiteness, by Bento (2022), and the issue of subjectivity in journalistic discourse, by Moraes (2022), were mobilized. For the constitution of the object of analysis, the organization of the archive was carried out, through the collection of journalistic texts found on the online platform "Google News", during the period referring to the day of the murder of Moïse Kabagambe (24/01/2022) until one month after the crime (24/02/2022). This study aims to understand if and in what way the journalistic discourse has helped in the production and reproduction of racism, when it comes to events related to the murder of black people. Thus, through the analysis of the news, we can affirm that, despite the different editorial perspectives of the aforementioned vehicles, the seven news/headlines have similar characteristics, making it possible to observe the lack of criminalization of the act and the silencing of racialization before the event.