O pensamento europeu moderno e a obra de Fernando Pessoa

Abstract

The study of modern European thought from the work of the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa, through a dialog between intellectual history and literature, provided not only a deepening of philosophical questions for the man of the beginning of the century. Moreover, it enabled the construction of a world scenario to which Fernando Pessoa belonged and was able to address in his literature. "Devir", a concept elaborated by the historian Franklin Baumer, granted the background to deepen the study of the concepts of anxiety, alienation, and absurdity while also giving way to the inclusion of a fourth concept: anguish. Alongside the contributions of Bauman, LaCapra is also an important theoretical-methodological reference that guided the reading of textual sources due to the contexts he elaborated. In addition, authors such as Kafka and Camus appear in our work as textual sources for making sense of the approached world. Among the specificities of Pessoa's work is heteronomy, which proved to be an essential characteristic for the analysis of the three "A's" that intended to analyzethe poet's literature and thus define the largest analysis sample: Álvaro de Campos. Since he is described by Pessoa himself as a heteronym of modernity, as he deals in his poetry with the themes that define the conjuncture of Devir: the modern world, new technologies, the acceleration of time, and mainly the epistemological despair, relativism regarding the human nature and the devaluation of oneself, concepts that will also be addressed throughout this work