O trauma resultante da violência doméstica: fatores sociais e psicológicos que contribuem na dificuldade de mulheres em buscar ajuda

Abstract

The article sought to investigate trauma as one of the phenomena responsible for women's resistance to seeking support in cases of domestic violence. The objective was to understand the processes of women's subjectivation in patriarchal society and critically analyze them, along with the trauma theory developed in psychoanalysis, to provide theoretical foundations explaining the complexity present in domestic violence. The method of narrative literature review was used for the elaboration of the work. Data were collected through books, scientific articles hosted in the virtual library BVS Psicologia Brasil and Scientific Electronic Library Online, theses, and dissertations from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul and the University of Brasília. No temporal interval was established for the publications to obtain a comprehensive understanding of how the topic has been discussed over the years. Data collection occurred from March to May 2023, and data analysis was carried out in May and June of the same year. The data analysis was performed using Bardin's content analysis method. The results indicate that domestic violence produces a condition of helplessness in women, potentially triggering trauma as a way to ensure some form of protection. Among the psychological and social factors that interfere with women in situations of domestic violence seeking help, the following stand out: guilt and shame for the incident; fear of retaliation from the aggressor; low self-esteem; distrust in institutions responsible for assistance; economic barriers; family and community pressures to maintain family stability; lack of knowledge about types of violence and available resources; the culture of downplaying the severity of abuse; emotional dependence; concern for children, and the hope that the partner's aggressive behavior is temporary.