Susceptibilidade e análise técnico-construtiva de poços no município de Frederico Westphalen - RS

Abstract

Groundwater is essential for life, not only because it supplies cities but also because it supports various aquatic systems. Artesian wells appear as one of the most common ways of accessing groundwater, also known as aquifers. The study created a technical-constructive database of 21 artesian wells in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen-RS, where the monitoring of parameters (apparent color, turbidity, Escherichia coli and total coliforms) was monitored over a period of 47 months between the years 2019 and 2022. Using the GIS environment, a special image of the wells was generated, where a radius of 1.0 km was zoned and the main sources of contamination were counted. Parameter graphs (apparent color, turbidity, total coliforms and Escherichia coli) were generated based on the potability standard established by current legislation and compared with average rainfall and seasons. Using the IS method, a contamination susceptibility map was generated for the municipality and compared with the final water quality. Of the 21 wells, all presented at least one sample outside the potability standard in the period and only 2/21 were in compliance with state legislation in the technical-constructive aspect. The IS method presented divergences when compared to the final water quality, where wells with high IS value were observed with low contamination and wells with low IS with many samples in disagreement with the legislation. The IS method, as it does not consider anthropogenic factors in its methodology, such as the technical-construction process and specific activities (on site), is inaccurate for evaluating water quality.