Dispositivo sociotécnico de segurança pública: uma cartografia do Centro Integrado de Operações de Segurança Pública (CIOSP) de Santa Maria/RS

Abstract

This research investigates modes of expression of a socio-technical dispositif of public security through the Integrated Center for Public Security Operations in Santa Maria, RS (CIOSP/SM). The study questions how the Brazilian public safety model, which is supported by socio-technical mechanisms, expresses the agency of a dispositif of public security through institutional, operational, and material dimensions. To achieve the problem, it is proposed to conduct a cartography of the CIOSP/SM, exploring the institutional, operational, and material dimensions by a discursive formation. The methodological procedures are primarily designed based on Prado Filho and Teti (2013) and Foucault (2000, 2017b). This path consists of stages that encompass the specific objectives: a) identifying aspects of the institutional, operational, and material structures of the object through cartographic research; b) mapping the discourses of actors related to the object in different dimensions to understand the meanings and discursive aspects attributed to it; and c) highlighting aspects of the object that reveal the agency of a dispositif of public security. To weave the proposed reflection, we draw on theoretical support from perspectives in the Philosophy of Technology (FEENBERG, 2010, 2013, 2015), Technosciences (ECHEVERRÍA, 2003, MARTINS, 2006), and Science and Technology Studies (LATOUR, 1994b, 2000, 2012, LEMOS, 2020). Furthermore, we examine experiences in the contemporary urban landscape supported by strategies aimed at intelligence and efficiency in security actions (BRANCO, 2019), pointing out techno-solutionist and neoliberal aspects (FIRMINO, 2017). In the enactment of this socio-technical strategy in public safety, are identified similarities with Foucault's concept of a security dispositif (2008). This arouses reflections on the subjective and formative nature of collective urban experiences in contemporary life, influenced by a public security model oriented by solutionist and neoliberal expectations.The methodological procedures follow a cartographic approach aimed at unveiling the research through proximity to the object. In this process, we utilize documentary exploration and interviews as data collection techniques and Foucauldian-inspired discursive analysis for the examination of discursive sets. The scope includes the official document “Termo de Referência” that describes the conditions for the enactment of CIOSP/SM and interviews with individuals related to the object. Each interview corresponds to one of the dimensions, aiming to highlight the institutional, operational, and material characteristics of CIOSP/SM. In each discourse, we identify aspects contributing to the discursive formation of the object. We then group the identified aspects and revisit the concept of a security dispositif (FOUCAULT, 2008) to associate the object's characteristics with those of an dispositif. In conclusion, we find that CIOSP/SM represents the expression of a socio-technical dispositif of public security through its strategic purpose, materialization of agency and control over events, sociotechnical centrality of the project, trust in socio-technical efficiency, in addition to the neoliberal aspect of the identified security model.