Estudo retrospectivo da pancitopenia em cães atendidos em um hospital veterinário na região central do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

The reduction in the circulating number of all blood cell lineages (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets) is referred as pancytopenia. In canine species, its origin is associated with reversible or irreversible lesions of hematopoietic stem cells caused by drugs, viral and infectious diseases, myelodysplastic disorders, neoplasia, and immune-mediated causes. Clinical signs are diverse due to the range of disorders that can lead to this condition in the patient. The aim of this study was to identify, through a retrospective analysis, the main causes of pancytopenia in the canine species treated at a teaching hospital in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. From December 2018 to December 2023, screening of these patients was conducted using the database of the Veterinary Clinical Laboratory (VCL) at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), identifying 40 dogs that met the inclusion criteria. Regarding breed, mixed-breed dogs predominated (67.5%), followed by Yorkshire (5.0%) Pinscher (2.5%), Rottweiler (2.5%), Labrador Retriever (2.5%), Pitbull (2.5%), Shar Pei (2.5%), Poodle (2.5%), Maltese (2.5%), Shih Tzu (2.5%), Pug (2.5%), German Shepherd (2.5%), and Bulldog (2.5%). Females accounted for 65.0%, and males 35.0%. Animals undergoing chemotherapy treatment showed a higher casuistry in this study (45.0%), followed by patients with leishmaniasis (25.0%), piroplasmosis (10.0%), sepsis (7.5%), distemper (5.0%), medullary aplasia (2.5%), histiocytic sarcoma and leishmaniasis (2.5%) and undetermined causes (2.5%). These results contribute to the understanding of the causes of pancytopenia in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. However, given Brazil's continental territory, further studies are necessary to characterize this condition in other regions of the country.