Caracterização, controle alternativo e reprodução de Meloidogyne graminicola em cultivares de arroz irrigado submetidos a diferentes regimes de umidade

Abstract

The rice is one of the cereals more cultivated in the world, however its production can be limited by several plant pathogenics agents, among them the rootknot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). The present work was accomplished in three stages. In the first, twenty and one populations of root-knot nematode of eight districts of the central area of Rio Grande do Sul State, were biochemical characterized through the isoenzyme esterase and morphological characterized through the microscopic observations of nematode females perineal patterns. In the second stage of the work, they were appraised the penetration and the development of M. graminicola in the roots of the irrigated rice (BR-IRGA 410, IRGA 417, IRGA 420, IRGA 422CL, BRS 7 "Taim", BRS Atalanta, BRS Fronteira, BRS Firmeza, BRS Pelota and BRS Querência) cultivars recommended for the South of Brazil, as well as the reaction of these materials to the nematode. In the third stage of the work the effect of ten essential oils of bioactives plants were evaluated in the control of M. graminicola "in vitro", as well as the efficiency essential oils in the control of the irrigated rice plant nematode. The isoenzymatic characterization of root-knot nematode in the area studied revealed the presence of the phenotype esterase VS1 (Rm 0,70), typical of M. graminicola. Among the cultivars tested, most were independently susceptible of the irrigation regime. The cultivar IRGA 422CL was what provided a smalest penetration of nematodes for the evaluated conditions behaving as moderately resistant under condition of saturation of soil. The oregano, eucalyptus and mint oils presented the highest nematostatic effect "in vitro ", while the alfazema, cidrão and alecrim oils presented highest effect nematicida "in vitro" also reducing the multiplication of nematode "in vivo", demonstrating its potential in the control of M. graminicola.