Estudo dos resultados dos exames citopatológicos, colposcópicos e histológicos cervicais em mulheres portadoras do vírus da imunodeficiência humana

Abstract

Cancer of the cervix is the second most frequent type of tumor in the female population, with a worldwide incidence in 2008, according to the World Health Organization of 530,000 cases. In Brazil, according to the Health Department, the disease had an average incidence in 2010 of 18.43 new cases per 100,000 women. This condition can be prevented by early detection and treatment. The main and most widely used method for screening cancer of the cervix is the cytopathology cervix exam. However, the diagnosis of cervical cancer is based in cytology, colposcopy and histology, whereas the latter is the gold standard for diagnosis. In patients with HIV infection the whole screening for cervical cancer is a very special situation due to the reduced immune defense and greater vulnerability to lesions that may be precursors of the cancer of the cervix. Objective: To study the cytopathological, colposcopic and histopathological findings of women with HIV infection, attended at the Infectology Service of Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Brasil. Methods: crosssectional study conducted in Gynecology Service of the Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, from March 2012 to July of 2013. The sample consisted of 80 HIV prior infection women by. Results: The rate of cytology exams altered was 3.4% for intraepithelial lesion low-grade and 1% for ASCUS. Among 12 women submitted to cervical biopsy, 16,6% had diagnosis of NIC I or II and 16.6% of NIC III. There was a statistically significant association between time of infection by HIV and histological changes. Discussion: The proportions of alterations found in cytology exams differ from those reported abroad; however, they were similar to those described in Brazil. Final considerations: The screening for cancer precursor lesions of the cervix, in women with HIV infection, should be prioritized in public health services.