Caracterização da voz de indivíduos com sintomatologia e queixa de disfunção temporomandibular

Abstract

The temporomandibular joint supports and it accommodates occlusion adaptations, muscular and cervical, and any unfavorable condition can unchain alterations in the mandibular movements that point damages so much in the articulation of the speech, as in the quality or the voice. The aim of this study was to characterize the individual s voice with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction. There were included 43 individuals, adults, female gender, divided into two groups, study group with individuals with signs of temporomandibular dysfunction and health control group formed by individuals without any symptom of TMD. Both groups were evaluated through a questionnaire made by Fonseca et al. (1994), specific clinic exam to verify the presence of symptoms of TMD, application of a voice questionnaire, ear, nose and throat evaluation, stomatognatic system evaluation, hearing exam and voice recording in a digital recorder for a perceptive-hearing and voice acoustics post analysis. In the perceptive-hearing evaluation, the voice type, the pitch, the loudness and the resonance focus were considerated. In the acoustic evaluation, the wide band and narrow band spectrography and the Kay Elementrics Multi Dimensional Voice Profile (MDVP) software were considerated. The obtained results, after the evaluations, were statiscally analyzed by the square-qui test to the significance level (0,05). After the comparison of the studied parameters between the study group and the health control group, we concluded that the perceptive-hearing voice analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the vocal type and in the resonance focus of the voice in the individuals of the study group. The hoarse vocal type was the predominant one, followed by the breathy and rough. The laryngopharynx resonance focus was the one that showed up more frequently, followed by the pharynges. In refashion of the presence of pain in the temporomandibular articulation, the lateral aspect of this joint showed statistically significant difference in the perceptive-hearing evaluation of the voice for the reduction of loudness in the individuals of study group. The acoustic analysis of the voice in the wide band and narrow band spectrography showed statistically significance difference for the increase of noise presence in the voice of the individuals of study group. In the wide band spectrography, the presence of pain in trapeze muscle didn t interfere in the resonance of the voice in the study group individuals. The presence of pain in the cervical muscles, masseter muscle and temporalis muscle was significant for the voice alteration in the study group, in wide band spectrography. The presence of pain in the masseter muscle showed statiscally significant for the noise increase in the narrow band spectrography. Therefore, the individuals with complaint and symptoms of TMD have more tendency to have vocal disorders.