Estado emocional materno, fatores obstétricos, demográficos, socioeconômicos e psicossociais como risco ao desenvolvimento infantil em díades mãe/bebê da triagem auditiva neonatal

Abstract

This research aimed to compare the maternal emotional state and its relationship with risk for child development in mother/baby dyads coming from a program of Newborn Hearing Screening (NHS), considering the result in the first step of this program (pass or fail in NHS). The second objective was to analyze the association between obstetric, demographic, socioeconomic factors and maternal psychosocial with the presence/absence of risk to child development at the ages of zero to four incomplete months of babies who presented "fail" result in the first stage of Neonatal Hearing Screening (NHS). It was performed a quantitative and descriptive study with comparative data about the behavioral manifestations of the mother-baby interactive process. The sample consisted by 169 babies aged zero to four incomplete months of age, who performed the NHS in a University Hospital reference in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul and their mothers, from September 2012 to July 2013. Considering the first objective, the babies were distributed in the control group (CG) and study group (SG). The CG was composed of 84 babies who presented results of "pass" in the first step of NHS program and the SG was composed of 85 babies with "fail result in the same step and their mothers. Also, for the second objective was studied socioeconomic, demographic, obstetric and maternal psychosocial variables and its relation to the presence / absence of risk to child development, only in SG. The procedures for data collection consisted of an interview with the mothers on socioeconomic, demographic, obstetric, and psychosocial information about the constitution of the motherhood experience. Furthermore, to investigate the maternal emotional state was applied the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). To assessment of babies occurred the application and filming of the first phase (0-4 months) the protocol of Indicators of Risk in Child Development (IRDI). Statistical analysis was due to the application of non-parametric tests and for the estimation of logistic regression models. The results showed that there was correlation between the babies fails in NHS and the absence of IRDI in mothers without emotional disorder. Furthermore, the mothers of babies who presented a result "fail" in NHS showed anxiety levels between mild and moderate. In the NHS, the levels of maternal depression were not associated with outcome "fail" in the NHS. It was also observed that there was an association between IRDI altered and the "fail" result in the NHS in anxious mothers or depressive. It was also verified that there is an association between the presence of risk to child development and socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric variables in the context of the NHS retest. In NHS, the risk to child development is multifactorial, being that the condition in the NHS retest can become a potentiating agent for difficulties in the establishment of mother/baby dyads visualized through IRDI, NHS in mothers with levels of depression/anxiety altered, as mothers without these emotional disorders. Further this, the socioeconomic, demographic and obstetric conditions may also present risks to child development in babies who failed the NHS.