Cuidado em saúde nas famílias em assentamento rural: um olhar da enfermagem

Abstract

The present study has as its objectives to comprehennd the health care in families of a rural settlement in the North-western region of Rio Grando Sul state. For that, a quantitative research of ethnographic direction was developed, in the kind of nursing called etnonursing. The number of accompanied families was limited due to data saturation, in a total of four accompanied families. For the data gathering, the Model of Observation-Participation-Reflection (O-P-R) was used, a semi-structured interview and a field diary. Associated to the method, a genogram was built, covering the aspect of the internal under category of family composition and the ecomap, involving the external aspect of the under category of wider systems. The analysis of data occurred based on Madeleine Leininger s etnonursing, which proposes an analysis of the information in four sequential steps constituted by the gathering and documentation of gross data; identification of descriptors and indicators; contextual analysis and of current patterns; and the identification of themes and of the relevant finds of research. It was also performed, with the construction of the genogram and ecomap, an structural evaluation of the families. All the ethical aspects for research with human-beings were respected, regarding Resolution 196/96, of the National Health Council. As a result, three main categories, that will be presented in article form, emerged: Article #1: Family relations in rural settlements in the North-western region of Rio Grande do Sul; Article #2: Better life care: a commitment to all; Article #3: Protection: dimensions of the care in rural settled families. The etnonursing has made a higher access to the rural settled families possible, allowing to identify the phenomenon of cultural care from its contexts. The present study evidenced that health care for the settled families is found diffused by social-economical and social-cultural factors and that nursing, knowing the internal and external structure of the families, widens its look over the family dynamics, what contributes significantly in the planning of health care actions. It is concluded that nursing, using the anthropological support in the actions, provides care that can improve the life conditions of the families.