Metodologia para análise do impacto da substituição da frota de veículos a combustão por elétricos em uma instituição pública de ensino

Abstract

Electric mobility is highlighted, mainly in the countries of Europe, the United States and China, the indexes point to a high growth in this sector in recent years. China leads the market for trams and this is due mainly to public government initiatives that promote electromobility through investments in charging infrastructure and ensure the maintenance of urban mobility policies, especially in the public transport sector. Brazil already has initiatives in relation to electric mobility and most of them are the result of individual actions or private companies and organizations. The public sector lacks studies that contribute to the establishment of procedures and regulations that consider replacing the fleet with combustion by electric vehicles. Given this, the present work seeks to demonstrate the opportunities related to electric mobility for public institutions and aims to develop a methodology to create a profile of electric vehicle recharges for public buildings and later apply it in a real case to assess the economic impact from the point of view of energy consumption of the partial and total replacement of the fleet, combustion by electric in a public educational institution. The refill profile seeks to establish the number and power of refill stations needed to meet the supply demand of the analyzed fleet. Based on this information, the aim is to assess the economic impact, from the energy point of view, resulting from the replacement of the fleet, through the tariff profile adopted by the institution. The proposed methodology also takes into account the existence of solar photovoltaic generation and future expansions of that generation to assess the impact of distributed generation on technical and economic feasibility. To obtain the results of this study, 4 different scenarios were considered, where the partial and total replacement of a fleet was considered, as well as the presence of distributed generation. In the partial and total replacement of the fleet, it was identified the number of charging stations, and their power, to serve electric vehicles, taking into account the increase in electricity consumption and the financial return from insertion and use of renewable electric energy. Since electric vehicle recharges impact energy consumption and, depending on power, even demand, it was possible to verify the importance of having an estimated recharging profile in order to contribute to the planning of the replacement of the vehicle fleet. combustion by electric vehicles in public institutions that operate on limited budgets and need to define their expenses for later years.