Identificação e avaliação de impactos ambientais associados a aterros sanitários

Abstract

This study was developed with the aim of identifying as well as assessing the environmental impacts associated to the construction of Municipal Landfills, according to technical standards. The research is classified as qualitative, carrying out documentary analysis, bibliographic research and data collection. The environmental impacts associated to the main activities related to Municipal Landfills, which were proposed by Sánchez (2008), were evaluated making use of an Interaction Matrix and the Ad hoc method. With the collected data, the activities in the Landfills which represented greater impact potential were identified under the negative aspect, so as to verify, with the use of Interaction Networks, the probable negative chain environmental impacts as well as the proposal of mitigating measures for these impacts. The activity which presented more negative impacts on the environmental compartments was the Implementation of the construction site, followed by the vegetation Removal activity. Both activities are part of the Implementation phase: Preparatory activities for a Landfill, confirming the obtained result in the assessment of environmental impacts in the Interaction Matrix, where this phase presented the greatest possibility of negative environmental impacts on the environmental compartments. For all the probable negative environmental impacts, at least one mitigating measure was selected, and the most recurrent ones were the Implementation of a vegetation curtain, planting of grass and curbs on the slopes, covering the garbage with earth and, the installation of draining systems and waterproof coating. This study works as a tool for the municipal government agents, especially due to the importance of implementing the mitigating measures which were proposed, minding the negative environmental impacts.