Avaliação de biomarcadores inflamatórios, oxidativos e vasculares em pacientes com hipercolesterolemia

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is a determining factor for the development of atherosclerosis, which is considered the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. In Brazil, as in most developed countries, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. Several mechanisms are involved in the development of atheromatous plaque thus the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between hypercholesterolemia and inflammatory, vascular, and oxidative biomarkers as well as to develop and validate an analytical method for the automated measurement of nitrite, a metabolite of the oxide oxide (NO) in plasma samples. In the first phase of this study an analytical method for automated measurement of plasma nitrite was developed and validated. This method was precise (r2=0,9998, P<0,001), linear, simple, inexpensive, and applicable to routine monitoring. In phase 2, inflammatory, vascular and oxidative markers were assessed. The groups were: group with hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C ≥ 160 mg / dl) and normocholesterolemic group (LDL-C ≤ 130 mg / dL). Results showed that levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and D-dimer were significantly higher in hypercholesterolemic patients, while levels of thiol grouping (-SH) and nitrate / nitrite (NOx) were lower in this group. There were also significant correlations for LDL-C and IL-6 (r = 0.693, P <0.0001), LDL-C and NOx (r = -0.314, P <0.05) and LDL-C and - SH (r = -0.327, P <0.05). Thus, hypercholesterolemia promotes increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrinolysis in atherosclerosis.