O processo de escolha do livro didático por professores: a evolução do PNLD e seus efeitos no ensino de Ciências

Abstract

We investigate the process of choosing the Didactic Book (LD) of Science under the National Didatic Book Program (PNLD), for teachers of the first years of elementary school (AIEF), from interviews. After this step, based on the data obtained in this investigation we analyzed the changes that have occurred over the years in official records evaluation these books. In the chapter titled "History of Public Policy for the Textbook in Brazil", we conducted a chronological design of public policies relating to LD from the 1930s to the present day, this space also present how the evaluation process of the book occurs at MEC as the choice of the book by the teacher should occur and how your purchase is made by the government to later delivery in schools. In the chapter "The Process Choice of Textbooks", from interviews with teachers AIEF, we present and discuss the results obtained on the criteria used in choosing the works of the discipline of Sciences. In the chapter "The evolution of evaluation sheets of didatic books in the National Didatic Book Program", we discussed, according to criteria established by teachers, the changes occurred over the years in the official records of Sciences evaluation of LD and discuss such changes. From what we can see, the book's main instrument used by the teacher as a source of research, personal study and planning, highlighting the importance given to its content. It is necessary that the books are free of conceptual errors, are clear and accessible language. In addition, it is necessary that the contents are a sequence already performed by teachers to an optimization of their work occurs, since teachers face adverse situations to perform their job. Realize that there is a need to expand the information about PNLD to the teachers, so that they understand its operation, to understand how the evaluation of works and preparation of the Guide is made and ownership of this material at the time of choice. We believe that in order for a process of conscious choice and judicious occur, it is vital to have a greater knowledge on the part of teachers, the program mainly on assessment carried out by institutions contracted by the MEC, and its contingencies. Together with initial and continuing education that supports both the choice and the proper use of books by the teacher because the teacher become so (in) efficient in their practice in the classroom. As for the evolution of the criteria examined, we perceived often there is no line between the program and analyzed by teachers to seek a work. We believe that greater dialogue between the program and the teachers needed. Finally, the evaluation of books over the years may disappear, as well as some criteria disappeared on being appropriated by the authors / publishers are others also. Another possibility is that any electronic versions of books available on mobile devices and computers, may favor contextualization, as desired by teachers, it may offer personalized content to each region.