Toxicidade do HgCl2 em ratas Wistar analisadas 12 e 48 horas após a exposição: possível efeito preventivo do zinco

Abstract

Mercury is a metal without any biological function. The exposure to mercury in any of different chemical forms can induce toxic effects on living organisms. This toxicity is commonly attributed to the high affinity that this metal has for sulfhydryl groups (SH) and oxidative stress induction. Zinc is an essential metal important in many biochemical and cellular functions, and stands out among the compounds studied for preventing the damage caused by toxic metals such as mercury. Recently we verify the effectiveness of pre-treatment with zinc against the effects caused by mercury in rats sacrificed 24 hours after administration of the toxic metal. However, despite the zinc to prevent some alterations, many questions remain. Thus, we sought to evaluate the toxic effects of mercury in rats analyzed 12 and 48 hours after exposure, and the possible preventive effect of zinc. For this, Wistar rats were injected (s.c.) with 0.9% NaCl (saline) or ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg) and 24 hours later, saline or HgCl2 (5 mg/kg). The animals were sacrificed 12 or 48 hours after administration of mercury. We evaluated the activity of enzymes δ- aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and alanine aminotransferase, and levels of total and nonprotein thiols, ascorbic acid, urea and creatinine, besides analyze metal content in liver, kidney and blood. Body and organs weight were also evaluated. In animals sacrificed 12 hours after treatment with mercury was verified: decrease of ascorbic acid levels and increase of kidney weight, as well as accumulation of mercury and zinc in the kidneys and liver. The zinc pretreatment prevented completely the mercury effect on renal weight of these animals. In 48 hours after mercury exposure, these effects were observed: decrease of weight gain and increase of renal weight, increase of urea and creatinine levels, and reduction of the δ-ALA-D activity and kidney total thiols levels. Furthermore, the treatment with mercury increased levels of this metal in the kidneys and liver. Zinc partially prevented the changes in gain weight and creatinine levels. In conclusion, these results show that mercury caused different modifications in both periods studied and the zinc pretreatment prevented some of the parameters altered by mercury exposure.