Zoneamento geoambiental aplicado ao estudo das potencialidades e suscetibilidades ambientais e de uso e ocupação de Rosário do Sul/RS

Abstract

The present work has as general objective to carry out geoenvironmental zoning applied in the study of potentialities and susceptibilities and of use and occupation in the municipality of Rosário do Sul. The choice for the study area is justified because there are already several studies in the west section of Rio Grande do Sul, mainly in the Ibicuí River Basin. In addition, it should be noted that this work is part of the LAGEOLAM (Environmental Geology Laboratory) which has a line of research directed to the Municipal Geoenvironmental Atlas, and considering this, in the future the municipality of Rosário do Sul may also fit in this proposal. The bibliographic review of the present work presented questions related to the Systemic Approach and the Geosystems, Methodologies for Relief Mapping, Geoenvironmental Studies and Geoenvironmental Zoning, besides the use of Geographic Information Systems for Geoenvironmental Studies. The method adopted for the present study used the method of investigation of the systemic approach and was divided into three major steps: Data Collection and Production, Correlation of Information and the Geoenvironmental Zoning of the municipality of Rosário do Sul. As a result of this research, it presents first an analysis of the physical elements of the landscape, contemplating hydrography, relief, lithology and soils. After that, it was made the morpho-lithological compartmentalization of the study area, using as a basis the lithological characteristics and the partitioning of the relief of the municipality of Rosário do Sul. Subsequently, a temporal analysis of land use and occupation was carried out, with the aim of identifying the transformations that occurred during the last 20 years in the landscape that configure the study area. Finally, the geoenvironmental zoning of the municipality of Rosário do Sul was presented, dividing the study area into five systems and nine geoenvironmental units: Caverá System including Altitudes Hills, Association of Hillock and Earthmounds and Hillock and Isolated Earthmounds; Recent Deposits System composed of Ibirapuitã and Santa Maria units; Ibicuí da Armada System; Santa Maria system subdivided by the Botucatu, Guará, Piramboia and Sanga do Cabral units and finally the Urban System. The Geoenvironmental systems and units were characterized in terms of potentialities and susceptibilities related to use and occupation, with Santa Maria and Urban systems being the most susceptible in the study area.