O discurso sobre o “ser mulher” e seus outros na construção do Projeto de Brasil Eugênico 1910-1940

Abstract

This dissertation was developed with the Research Line Fronteira, Política e Sociedade at the Graduate Program in History at the Federal University of Santa Maria. And it is linked to the research project "História Intelectual, Historicidade e Processos de Identificação Cultural" as well as to the CNPQ Research Group "História Intelectual nos Séculos XIX e XX: Filosofia, Cultura, Política". The work counted with the funding of CAPES - Social Demand. During the analysis, reflections were made about the eugenize process of Brazilian society, its scientific influences and its delimitations to build a national eugenic community, and in the process, the discourse about "being woman" and its peripherals constituent. During the problematizations was taken into consideration the fact that the constitution of "being ideal" did not interfere only in physical / biological patterns, but also in moral and social behavior patterns, determining thereby the boundaries of belonging to the national community imagined. In this sense, was addressed the construction project of eugenic nation and the individual's role in society, ie who composes and who should be out of Brazil's social structure in the "I nation" organism to eugenicists intellectuals of the first half of XX century. From the analysis of some theses and publications related to eugenics in the period, using the methodology proposed by the Intellectual History, it was realized that, eugenicists sought to control, especially the biological constitution of the individual through interference for reproduction. This reflected directly on marriages being avoided marriages between the "degenerates" as well as in educational programs, often guided by eugenic purposes. Thus, the eugenic guidelines were placed as preventive actions related to health and well-being of society. We can then assert that the definitions of "being" between woman / man / individual in the construction process of the Brazilian national identification are correlated so that identification processes complement each other.