Potencial de utilização de espécies arbóreas para proteção solar de edifício residencial na zona bioclimática 2 brasileira

Abstract

The vegetation has a preponderant role in the attenuation of the solar radiation incident on the built environment and in the obtaining of a microclimate that provides greater conditions of thermal comfort. The present study aims to evaluate the potential of reducing the energy consumption of residential buildings from the use of vegetal sun protection. Initially the basement and theoretical evaluations were carried out on the subject, verifying the influence of the afforestation in the urban environment and observing the correct forms of insertion of different tree species in the cities. A study was carried out by obtaining the Solar Transmission Rate (PTS) of four distinct trees, the species Psidium cattleyanum (Araçá), Lagerstroemia indica (Extremosa), Schyzolobium parahybum (Guapuruvu) and Tipuana tipu (Tipuana), studied For a period of twelve months, in all seasons, observing the shading capacity of each species and its formal characteristics. Afterwards, internal measurements were taken in an efficient popular residence, in the facade exposed to solar radiation west and through a computer simulation the conditions of energy consumption for cooling and heating were identified, without the use of solar protection and with the individual use of the four species Of trees analyzed. Through the obtained results the real influence of the trees in the energetic performance of the residence was verified and observed the particular behavior of each species in providing shading. The Araçá tree presented the best results in reducing the energy consumption for cooling, with 423,80 Kwh of annual reduction compared to the consumption without the use of sun protection, being 35.87% decrease in annual energy consumption. The Tipuana species presented a significant energy performance for cooling and heating of the residence with an annual reduction of 30.66% which is equivalent to 374.31 kwh of economy in the year. However, the Extremadura tree presented an energy efficiency for use as a sun protection of 27.67% per year of reduction in consumption, while the Guapuruvu species, even with a lower performance, also presented a reduction of 22.63% in annual energy consumption. Therefore, it was concluded that all the trees presented significant results in reducing the energy consumption in the different seasons. Therefore, it is proven that these act in the energy efficiency and in the residential environmental comfort, in the city of Santa Maria, RS.