Correlação entre placa e inflamação gengival em pacientes com histórico de periodontite com diferentes intervalos de higiene bucal

Abstract

To evaluate the correlation between dental plaque formation and gingival parameters in individuals with periodontal history who perform high standard oral hygiene at different intervals. Forty-two individuals with a history of periodontitis were randomized to different frequencies of self-control plaques: 12, 24 and 48 hours (G12, G24 and G48). Plate Index (PlI) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed at baseline, 15, 30 and 90 days. Intragroup differences were determined using repeated measures ANOVA. Intergroup differences at baseline were verified using a chi-square test and independent t-test. The Spearman correlation coefficient between PlI and GI for the different groups was calculated at baseline, 15, 30 and 90 days. Positive, statistically significant correlations were found between PlI and GI in all groups and increased during the experimental period, baseline (G12 = 0.18, G24 = 0.08 and G48 = 0.15), day 15 (G12 = 0.25, G24 = 0.13 and G48 = 0.23), day 30 (G12 = 0.23, G24 = 0.18 and G48 = 0.26) and day 90 of the study (G12 = 0.28, G24 = 0.18 and G48 = 0.21). All groups had an increase in the means of visible plaque and gingival bleeding between the beginning of the study and 90 days. In G48, there were the largest increases in Visible Plaque and Gingival Bleeding during the study. In G12, the percentages of IG 1 remained stable, in contrast to the increase observed in IG 2 values. In G24, the highest IGI and IG migrations were scores 0 and 1. However, in G48, there was an increase significant in the IG 1 and 2 scores, reaching the end of the study with the majority of sites with PlI 2 scores (39.2%). In the evaluation of individuals with periodontal history, with different frequencies, with high standards of oral hygiene, with low bleeding rates and following a structured and monitored protocol, we conclude that the correlation between plaque formation and gingival alterations is weak and that frequency of oral hygiene changes the gingival parameters. Thus, individuals who perform high hygiene standards at daily intervals of 12h and 24h will maintain gum health when compared to individuals who use hygiene intervals longer than 24 hours.