Análise das transformações do sistema bancário nacional após a implementação do plano real (1994- 2017)

Abstract

During the 1980s, the Brazilian banking sector made extraordinary gains from floating revenues. With the macroeconomic stabilization of the mid-1990s, banking organizations needed to adopt strategies to cope with the institutional changes adopted by the Real Plan. Thus, the present study proposes to analyze the transformations and the process of restructuring of the banking system in Brazil from 1994 to 2017. For this, a bibliographical research was done, as well as the collection and analysis of secondary data on the banking sector . Descriptive statistics techniques were used to analyze the variables associated with the performance of banks, namely revenues from services rendered, revenues from credit operations and demand deposits. The results show that banks' sources of income are varied and depended not only on floating revenues, so that banks were able to maintain their positive results even after the reduction of inflation. After the launch of the Real Plan, banks increased their consumer credit portfolios, also invested to guarantee the existence of these credits, creating investment portfolios for savers to see a profit in investing in their assets. In addition, it was observed in the period that many state governments, to be able to pay their debts, realized incorporations, sales or extinction of their state institutions of the national banking system. Finally, the linear association between the performance of Brazilian banks and the macroeconomic variables of the country, such as GDP, inflation, nominal interest rates, deposit interest rates and national gross savings, is highlighted.