Diagnóstico da adoção de tecnologias de agricultura de precisão em propriedades rurais do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Agribusiness management studies the profile and the characteristics of agriculturists from RS, adepts, partially adepts and non-adepts of technologies that are part of Precision Farming, being evaluated the levels of adoption, perceptions and property productivity history. These data were tabulated and correlated for an overall systemic view of the environment related to Precision Farming and its technological tools. It`s about an exploratory descriptive research, opinion-based, non-probabilistic sample, where the sampled population consists in 61 farmers from 47 cities in RS (RS), whose main activity is soybean culture. By applying the research through questionnaire and interviews, it was possible to tabulate and correlate qualitative and quantitative information, as these gave rise to several data. The data set results as the predominant age group people over 41 years old with predominantly elementary and high school educational levels. In relation to the participants (employees) educational level, elementary education is predominant, and in the case of access to training, more than 50% of the contributors did not receive any type of training for their activities. Regarding the properties dimensions that were part of the research, 58,154 hectares were mapped, including 42,544 of crops, 8,512 of pasture and 7,098 of legal reserve, with an average of 953 hectares per property and 74 hectares per plot. By the data it was identified among the main technologies of Precision Farming, the use of GPS, digital maps and the Soil Fertility Mapping, in the opposite direction it was identified the harvest maps and the variable rate applicators with lower utilization rates, but these are offset by outsourcing where specialized companies compensate such deficits. Other relevant data, as a large percentage of non-adherents, 82% present to the Management Systems a productivity recording percentage of 26%. Among the main correlations, it was identified that the most used technology is the Soil Fertility Mapping, tool that can increase productivity in six bags per hectare. According to the adoption levels of Precision Farming, 79% are considered partial and slow, and the level of satisfaction on average is 8 in a ranking from 0-10. Thus, getting to a view that Precision Farming is one the big tendencies in gaucho and Brazilian agriculture, although there are difficulties due to procedures and people in an evolutionary process with tendencies for migration to a broad concept, the digital agriculture.