Prevalência das neoplasias sólidas tratadas entre os anos de 2011 a 2016 no serviço de oncologia do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria

Abstract

Cancer is a public health problem, especially among developing countries. In order to establish effective measures for cancer control, there is a need for quality information, thus enabling a better understanding of the disease and its determinants: formulation of causal hypotheses; evaluation of the technological advances applied to prevention and treatment as well as the effectiveness of health care. The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of solid neoplasms diagnosed between the years 2011 to 2016 and treated at the Oncology Department of the University Hospital of Santa Maria and the existing oncological context. This is an observational cross-sectional study. The target population was comprised of adult patients (18 years of age or older) and elderly (60 years of age or older) diagnosed with solid cancer by anatomicopathological examination between 2011 and 2016, who started the oncological treatment, according to Apac/Oncology. A total of 2,757 patients were selected, of which 1,493 patients were female (54.2%) and 1,264 male (45.8%). The mean age at the time of initiation of treatment was 59.94 years for both sexes, with the 95% confidence interval (59.44 - 60.44). The majority of patients were aged 61-70 years, totaling 747 patients, followed by 718 patients between 51-60 years. In all 31 primary sites were identified, with the most prevalent neoplasms: Breast, Prostate, Colorectal and Lung, and most cases were stage IV (1,039 cases). A percentage of the number of cases of breast and esophageal cancer was higher than expected and, in contrast, a low percentage of hepatocarcinoma, kidney cancer and central nervous system tumors were found. The patients came from the entire area of the 4th Health coordinating area, where 100% of the municipalities referred to the institution, as well as 9 other locations belonged to other coordinators. Most of the data obtained are consistent with the Brazilian reality, not identifying any peculiar characteristics of this region of the study worthy of note, except for the difference in the prevalence of some types of cancer, a fact that deserves further studies. There were also no discrepancies in a regional analysis. Together with this work, it was possible to demonstrate the cancer situation and the profile of the oncology patients attended in reference center for 41 municipalities, mainly in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which may be useful in the elaboration of public policies to modify the profile identified, and serve as the basis for further studies in this region.