Caracterização clínico-epidemiológica de casos internados por pneumonia no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria: um estudo transversal

Abstract

Pneumonia is an infection of the lung parenchyma. It is the result of a complex interaction between aggressive agents and the host's immune response. This pathology has great relevance in the different health services in the world and also in the Unified Health System, being one of the main causes of hospitalization in Brazil. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of patients hospitalized at the Santa Maria University Hospital due to the diagnosis of pneumonia, as well as to know the empirical choice of antimicrobials, the microorganisms isolated in sputum cultures and the clinical outcomes of hospitalization. A total of 104 patients with suspected diagnosis of pneumonia were obtained between January 2014 and February 2016. The characterization was performed in 63 cases. The minimum age was 18 years and the maximum age was 93 years, and in 33 cases (52.4%) the age was equal to or greater than 65 years. The clinical outcome of discharge occurred in 35 cases (55.6%) and death was observed in the others. Twenty-nine patients (41.3%) had an isolated microorganism, especially Gram-negative, collected sputum collected at the time of arrival. The empiric antimicrobial most frequently prescribed at the time of admission was Piperacillin + Tazobactam (25 cases - 39.57%), in monotreptica or in combination with another antimicrobial. The particularities of the cases of pneumonia studied can be attributed to the fact that the Santa Maria University Hospital is a reference center for cases of greater complexity. The data obtained in this study may help to better understand the problems related to pneumonia in the Santa Maria University Hospital.