Viabilidade econômica da adaptação de um hospital público para obtenção de uma certificação ambiental

Abstract

The sustainable development has boosted the adoption of methodological tools for the evaluation of sustainability in buildings, so that the benefits go beyond protection with the environmental, resulting in better financial performance, competitive positioning and even better quality of life to the occupants of sustainable places. There is a sense in the market that the costs involved in sustainable construction are a 10% base for traditional constructions. The LEED certification is the system of sustainable classification most utilized of the world. Given this, it is questioned whether it is economically feasible for health care environments to adopt sustainable building standards in their renovation projects. Thus, this study aims to fill this gap, with the objective of analyzing the economic feasibility of the necessary physical adaptations in a university hospital, of public state, so that it can be certified by the LEED methodology. After identifying the aspects relevant to the understanding of the certification, a diagnosis was made considering the characteristics of environmental performance in the hospital. Based on the diagnosis, the necessary adaptations were identified to enable the certification process, as well as the costs incurred. Three scenarios were determined for the economic feasibility study, with variations in the projections of economies generated from the suggested adaptations: (a) pessimistic scenario, with a reduction of 10% in water consumption and 13% in energy consumption; (b) the most probable scenario, with reductions of 30% in the cost of water consumption and 18% of energy consumption; (c) an optimistic scenario, considering a 50% reduction in the cost of water consumption and a 25% reduction in energy consumption. Through Monte Carlo Simulation, we obtained probability distributions for the variable Net Present Value of the three scenarios, performing 200,000 simulations for each scenario. For the first scenario, 12 and 13% per year. For the second scenario and 14 and 15% per year. For the third scenario. The results showed non-viability for the pessimistic scenario, with 100% certainty for the NPV negative value. On the other hand, the optimistic scenario presented 100% certainty for positive NPV results. The most probable scenario presented a satisfactory result, with approximately 64% certainty of positive NPV, with an expected average value of R $ 65,082.31 and an Internal Rate of Return of 16%. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is economically feasible to adapt by sustainable building standards in renovation projects, as in the case of the hospital studied. The proposed objective was obtained and the study contributes to the enrichment of the scientific community regarding the topic addressed. The adaptations considered in the public hospital allow a reduction in the monthly operating costs and the amount invested presented a payback of three years.