Perfil sensorial e sua correlação com prematuridade, risco psíquico, domínio de marcos motores e linguísticos por bebês aos 12 meses

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the baby's sensory profile, gestational age, psychicological risk, motor and linguistic domain. The sample consisted of 40 babies, of whom, 20 babies were born preterm and 20 were born term. In each group of 20 infants, 10 infants presented psychicological risk and 10 presented no risk, as identified in the PREAUT Signs. Sensory data were collected through instruments such as the Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI) and the Sensory Profile of the Infant and Toddler (Sensory Profile) to identify the sensory processing and modulation of the child. The Clinical Indicators of Risk / Reference to Infant Development (IRDI), the PREAUT Signals and the Denver II Test were used for the detection of psychicological risk and the neuropsychomotor performance of the subjects. We also used data from an interview that investigated obstetric, sociodemographic and socioeconomic aspects, as well as the interview with the parents about the babies' daily lives and the clinical observations of the evaluator. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-Test and Spearmann's Correlation Test. Regarding the results, for the group of term infants, a statistical significance of the visual processing of the sensory profile protocol was observed with the PREAUT signs (r = 0.45, p = 0.044) identified at nine months and with IRDI (r = 0.063, p = 0.002), showing that babies at psychicogical risk had worse visual processing. There was also a significant correlation between the TSFI total result and the IRDI (r = 0.34, p = 0.132), and the weight and auditory processing variable in the sensory profile test (p = 0.019). Thus, babies with lower weight presented worse auditory processing. In the group of preterm infants, there was also a worse performance in the auditory (r = 0.57, p = 0.008) and visual (r = 0.65; p0.003) processing in the Sensory Profile and oculomotor control in the TSFI (r = 0, 68, p = 0.0009), in a situation of psychicological risk, both in the IRDI protocol and in the PREAUT Signals. The auditory processing was more altered in the situations of premature infants admitted to a neonatal ICU (p = 0.038). It should be emphasized that there was no significant correlation between the babies' sensory performance and the motor and language data obtained through the Denver II test, since this test was less sensitive to the children's developmental changes. Conserning this, we consider the need to think of a sensorial dimension in the analysis of early development, based on the singularity of the baby, that helps the parents in the qualification of the interactions and daily activities of the child identified with risk in the first year of life. The research concluded that sensory evaluations are important in child development assessment, especially considering risk factors such as prematurity and psychicological risk, as well as environmental factors. In addition, the results evidenced the clinical relevance of Sensory Integration Studies.