Dimensionamento e prototipagem de uma turbina Kaplan

Abstract

Among the various forms of electricity generation, the most important in Brazil are the Hydroelectric Power Plants, due to their large water resources arising from the large number of rivers contained in the Brazilian territory. A hydroelectric plant is composed of several parts, such as spillways, engine houses, water sources, reservoirs, generators, control houses, among others, the hydraulic turbine being one of the most important machines. This in turn is a flow machine that can be defined as an energy transformer that uses mechanical work. The Kaplan type turbine is used in hydroelectric plants of small falls and large flows. Thus, the present work aims to carry out the classical design and to prototype a hydraulic rotor of the Kaplan type. For this, the study will be done on the flow machines and their installation sites, the definition of the rotor case study based on the power energetic yields of the Brazilian hydroelectric projects using Kaplan type rotors, a calculations memorial for development of the Kaplan turbine design, containing the determination of the type of machine, preliminary calculations and complementary calculations, using input data from the Luis Eduardo Magalhães Hydroelectric Power Plant, computational drawings using design software and finally prototyping the machine using a printer 3D. It is concluded that the method used to perform the design allowed results and a model similar to the real rotor, and that the three-dimensional computational design made it possible to prototype the model and could be produced again, modifying material and scale.