Dinâmica da ingestão hídrica de suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Abstract

The present pig productions systems shows positive and constant technological advances, where there is an intensification in the production systems and a concern with the good management and use of the water resources used for activity. The objective of this dissertation was to measure the volume of water used by growing-finishing pigs in the drinker, to evaluate the existing relationships between dietary and environmental factors that interfere with this value and to generate information on the dynamics of the use of the resource throughout the day (08:00 to 18:00 h). The experiment was carried out at the Swine Sector of the Federal University of Santa Maria and used 60 male pigs (immunocasts) with an average initial weight of 44.43 kg and a final weight of 124.82 kg. The pigs were housed during 12 weeks in building house, arranged in five stalls (2.80 x 5.30 m) with 12 animals. Food and water were provided at will throughout the experimental period. The data of the zootechnical indexes such as temperature and humidity, feed consumption behavior and water were collected in real time during the completely experimental period through a datalogger, FIRE® system and video monitoring, while the volume of water drained in the drinking fountain was measured daily. The generated information was submitted to analysis of variance using the Mixed procedure of statistical software SAS Studio (2017), analysis of descriptive statistics, linear and multiple regression. The water disappearance (WD) in this study was 7.98 L/animal per day, where 29.07 % represented water wasted. The WD presented a linear regression equation with the amount of dry matter ingested (Y = 1.254 + 2.902x, r 2 =0.948, p <0.0001) and cubic polynomial equation with live weight (Y = -4.62133 + 0.40517x -0.00452x2 + 0.00002x3 , r 2 =0.979, p <0.0001). The behavior of water consumption in the period from 08:00 to 18:00 h revealed an increasing pattern in WD throughout the day for both periods, and verified the peak in the afternoon. In the same way, it was observed that the time spent drinking (TSD) and the number of visits to the drinking (NVD) showed a peak in the afternoon. The pigs had an increasing water disappearance pattern throughout the housing period and during the day (8:00 to 18:00 h) independent of the phase, with the period of greatest volume of WD, TSD and NVD concentrated in the after 13:00 h.