Análise do desempenho motor, tempo de reação e tempo de movimento de escolares iniciantes em corridas de velocidade

Abstract

The aim of this study was to create and validate an instrument to evaluate the motor actions of running through the quality of the movement and also to analyze the effect of an intervention program on the motor performance of running (DMC), reaction time (TR) and movement time (TM) of school students. This research was characterized as a validation study of transversal section, with a model of qualitative analysis during the first phase, followed by an experimental study. The latter aimed to verify the effects of an intervention in two groups: athletics (GA) and physical education (GEF). The participants of the matrix validation, in order to establish the trustworthiness criteria, comprised 20 elementary and high school students, who performed the task of running at top speed for 30 meters, which was recorded by filming. To test the objectivity, three graduate professionals observed the registers and evaluated them according to the matrix. In order to determine the validation of the content, this matrix was submitted to 4 specialists of the sport, who provided an assessment. On the second study, 62 6 th graders participated, ages ranging from 10 to 12 years old, 32 of which were part of the GA and 30 of the GEF. Their TR results were evaluated using the Vienna Test System, which stratifies the TR in two periods, the pre motor phase (TRPMot) and the motor (TRMot), the TM using the 50m test and the DMC using the analytical matrix analysis. During the intervention program, the GA students were submitted to a training period which is specific of speed running in their physical education classes for 8 weeks. The statistic procedures were developed on the SPSS – 21.0 software, by adopting a significance level of 5%. In order to do the analysis of the results of the first study, the trustworthiness was analyzed using the correlation coefficient to obtain the correlation between measures taken on different days, test and retest method; to confirm the objectivity, it was used the Person correlation, using the analysis of 3 evaluators with the same repeated measure, with the same individuals and, for the validation of content, the relative frequency (%) of the responses of the specialists. On the second study, the descriptive statistics was used, the Wilcoxon test, to compare the results of the pre and the post test on the studied variables in the groups and Mann-Whitney to compare the results found between the groups. The results found in the first study show that the indexes of correlation intra class and inter evaluators had correlations ranging from regular to strong, with coefficients ranging form 0,54 to 0,83 and 0,66 to 0,83. We can affirm that the proposed matrix shows trustfulness, once it has reproductive indexes when examined by the same evaluator on different days. On the second study, the studied variables pre and post intervention had an improvement in both groups, with more expressive results presented by the GA in the TRMot, TM and DMC variables, where the results were statistically significant. It was concluded that the proposed intervention promoted improvements on the TR, TM and DMC, showing the efficacy of the training program.