Avaliação das condições de saúde de idosos participantes de um programa de promoção da saúde, prevenção de riscos e doenças

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: in Brazil, there has been a significant increase in the growth rate of the elderly population, with an estimated continuity in the next 30 years, which generates a series of changes in society, related to health systems and services, as well as family relationships, with immense challenges to be faced and having as an aggravating the speed with which this process occurs. In this context, there is a need to rethink the health care of the elderly to prioritize models of care that strengthen integral care, with emphasis on health promotion, risk and disease prevention, based on risk stratification for greater vulnerability of hospitalization and / or fragilization, based on multidimensional diagnosis and that can provide a positive impact on the beneficiary population by improving the quality of life and guaranteeing the financial sustainability of health systems and services by stimulating the conscious use of their resources. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the health conditions of elderly people participating in a health promotion program, risks and diseases prevention of the supplementary health sector. METHODOLOGY: this is a research with na observational, transversal, analytical, non- probabilistic, documental and retrospective design, in which the data collection was carried out based on the analysis of physical records and information systems of an assistance plan operator health of the supplementary sector operating in the northwest region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. The variables of interest involved question related to the sociodemographic characteristics and health conditions of the program participants. Data collection took place during the month of July 2018. Measurements of central tendency, dispersion and variability were used for the quantitative variables; absolute and relative frequency for qualitative variables. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare independente groups, and a reliability of 95% was considered for all cases. RESULTS: the study had the records of 298 elderly people, who presented a mean age of 80.2 ± 8.0 years, with the majority being women (61.7%); residents in the urban area (67.1%); with low schooling (79.9%); married or in a stable union (51.5%). When considering the classification of fragility, 22.8% (n = 68) were robust, 24.8% (n = 74) pre-fragile and 52.3% (n = 156) fragile. It was observed an association of frailty with age, number of diseases, history of falls and hospitalization. In addition, the data show that the elderly who use a greater number of drugs were twice as likely to be in pre-fragility/fragility condition, as those who were aged ≥ 80 years and with a history of hospital admissions and falls, the which were five times more likely to be in the same condition. CONCLUSIONS: the evaluation of the profile of the elderly participants in the present program of health promotion, risk and disease prevention can contribute to the planning of interventions with emphasis on the prevention and/or postponement of the occurrence of unfavorable outcomes for the elderly, such as the development and aggravation of functional dependence and early mortality.