Análise da prototipagem rápida por processos de manufatura aditiva e subtrativa utilizando abordagem de decisão multicritério

Abstract

This study aims to analyze rapid prototyping by additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing for conceptual prototypes, in order to understand, verify and establish which of the processes has the greatest technical and economic viability. For that, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multicriteria decision method will be used to rank and quantify the analysis criteria. The alternatives studied will be prototyping by adding material using the process of fusion and deposition modeling (Fused Deposition Modeling - FDM), and by removing material using CNC machining processes (Computer Numeric Control). The FCS evaluation criteria were: Part Quality, Cost and Time and the subcriteria: Pre-Processing Time, Processing and Post-Processing, Dimensional accuracy, Surface finishing, Material cost and General operating costs. With the practical application of additive and subtractive manufacturing in the manufacture of the prototype, the study aims to verify the performance, recognize the specificities, observing advantages and disadvantages. The evaluation criteria were analyzed by specialists who answered a questionnaire via electronic means in which they ranked the degree of importance of each one. The result of this study points to rapid prototyping by subtractive manufacturing as the most appropriate alternative according to the FCS Tempo criteria, while additive manufacturing, the Material Cost and Time factor weighed in a negative way. It is concluded that rapid prototyping has a wide field of coverage in several areas of knowledge such as medicine, aeronautics, industrial, but the choice of manufacture depends on the purpose of the prototype and the importance of the criteria involved.