Educação em saúde de mulheres na pós-menopausa: auto percepção da osteoporose e o risco de fratura

Abstract

This is a randomized clinical trial, double-blind, controlled, parallel and three- arm study. The objective of this study was to study the effect of health education on the perception of the risk of osteoporosis and fracture in postmenopausal women. The chosen scenarios were the outpatient clinics of a university hospital, and 129 women aged 54 years or older who were consulting and accompanying patients who were consulted in these outpatient clinics between the months of August 2017 and November 2018 participated in the study. The study volunteers were randomized in blocks of 30 by simple drawing in three groups. The first group (Control) did not receive any intervention; the volunteers only answered a standardized questionnaire. The second group (Education) answered the standardized questionnaire, heard information about osteoporosis and risk for fractures through a conversation that followed a structured script and received an explanatory folder on osteoporosis. The third group (Education & FRAX®) answered the standardized questionnaire, heard information about osteoporosis and risk for fractures through a conversation that followed a structured script, and received an explanatory folder on osteoporosis. This last group had its risk for fractures calculated using the FRAX® algorithm. Data were expressed as prevalence rate (%), mean and median. Baseline differences between the groups were evaluated by the tests: ANOVA, H for Kruskal-Wallisl and chi- square. The agreement between the risk of fractures perceived by volunteers and the risk calculated by the FRAX® algorithm was evaluated by the COOK method. Significant values of p <0.05 were considered. Calculations were performed using the statistical program SPSS 18.0 (IBM - Brazil). The following outcomes were considered: modification in the valuation of the risk of osteoporosis, modification in the perception of the risk of osteoporosis, and modification in the perception of the risk of fractures after the intervention. The work of nurses and other health professionals instrumentalizing women through health education with the objective of empowerment and self-care, promoting health, increasing their awareness of osteoporosis and preventing fractures.