Práticas de biossegurança dos profissionais de nível superior em um hospital-escola no sul do Brasil e proposição de um plano de adequação

Abstract

Adopting appropriate biosafety measures directly acts to improve the quality of health care outcomes and protect health professionals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characterize occupational accidents reported by professionals of a teaching hospital, to describe their knowledge of biosafety practices, as well as to elaborate a permanent biosafety adequacy plan in a teaching hospital in southern Brazil. This is a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from October 2018 to April 2019. The sample consisted of 270 professionals selected by stratified sampling proportional to the size of the stratum. Data collection occurred through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. To guarantee the internal and external validity of the research and the reliability of the data, a pilot questionnaire was applied to 1% of the participants and these data were used to adjust the collection instrument. Data were statistically evaluated using SPSS® 21.0 software. The preparation of the Adequacy Plan was based on a document already used in the hospital routine. Among the 270 study participants, 32.70% reported having suffered an occupational accident and of these, 41.6% had sharps. About 63% of professionals are linked to the EBSERH scheme and of these, approximately 70% stated that they had not suffered an accident at work. Among professionals who have postgraduate studies, 87.1% reported having suffered an occupational accident and 97.65% of participants who reported having suffered an occupational accident reported using PPE in their work routines. More accidents occur with professionals with more than 20 years of training and with professionals with a training time ranging from 5 to 10 years. Most believe, 46,1% that their biosafety knowledge is sufficient and yet they think it is important to have access to more information related to the subject. Among the biosafety continuing education options, 50.7% of participants opted for the face-to-face lecture and 43% and / or face-to-face course, and ways of transmitting knowledge such as the workplace approach with demonstrations as recommended were also recommended. the demands on the participants' work unit and / or according to the specificities of each profession. The product was the elaboration of an Adequacy Plan, taking into consideration these suggestions, and will be presented to the hospital to evaluate the possibility of its implementation in the service routine. This study suggests a reflection on biosecurity practices for the effective protection of health professionals, as work accidents occur related to biosecurity practices, professionals consider having a good knowledge of the subject, however, they show interest in obtaining more knowledge in this area. through permanent health education methodologies that consider the reality of the teaching hospital. For this the adoption of the suggestions of the Adequacy Plan can be followed, since they are strategies for the improvement of the work processes in the hospital.