Perfil ocupacional, composição setorial e capacidades tecnológicas dos estados brasileiros mais industrializados (2008-2017)

Abstract

For the economics Brazilian context, the specialized literature, since the 1990s, has highlighted theoreticall and empirically processes of deindustrialization and relative stagnation of certain national productive capabilities, especially those that touch innovative activities, causing little generation of internal technology and compromising exportation of manufactured products with higher added value. These phenomena corroborate the passive and peripheral insertion of Brazil in global value chains. These processes operate internally in a concentrating manner, inducing industrial and productive asymmetries of skills of workers and of technological capabilities of the states. Technological capabilities include skills in the accumulation of resources, physical and social, necessary to generate and manage technical changes, which are incorporated into the capabilities of individuals in organizational systems, and could enable technological catching up, through learning effects combined to gains in productivity that stimulate economic growth. In the long term, capabilities combined with investments in education, research and evolution of technologies, create conditions fot regional development. This study is structured from two theoretical frameworks, the Kaldorian and the neo-Schumpeterian. The Kaldor's laws emphasize that industry sectors, when increase sustained returns to scale would influence productivity and competitive growth, linking activities back and forth, as an engine of economic development and creating incentives for the technical change. The Neo-Schumpeterian's contributions highlight the importance of knowledge and technological learning for economic dynamics. Using an empirical approach, It covers a sample of the 14 most industrialized Brazilian states. At first, the occupational profile and the sectoral composition of the 14 states are investigated, from method that calculates locational quotients. It was identified relative concentration of activities related to intermediate and advanced technological regimes, whitch require more skills from workers, in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. The profile's analisys of workers according to sex, education and wages, pointed out heterogeneity in the composition of the formal labor market, with different arrangements. The second stage of the study investigates technological, productive and innovative capabilities of the states, based on multivariate method and elaborating synthetic indexes, using principal component analysis. The results corroborated regional asymmetries in terms of technological capabliities, raised by the literature over the last decades. It has been concluded that the country having maintained important productive capabilities, with addition of formal knowledge and territorial deconcentration of skills. Despite this, it was not possible to detect a significant development, in relative terms, of technological skills and capabilities.