Fatores intervenientes na execução da vigilância alimentar e nutricional para a população idosa no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Food and Nutritional Surveillance assumes an essential role to continuously monitor and analyze the food and nutritional conditions of the population using the Unified Health System. Historically, there is a prioritization of the maternal-infant binomial, considered by public health policies, and more specifically, related to food and nutrition, to the detriment of other age groups, especially the elderly. This study aimed to evaluate the coverage of the registration of nutritional status in the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System and the intervening factors in its implementation regarding the elderly population in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out in municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, from June 2019 to December 2020. This research was divided into two phases. In phase 1, data was collected on the nutritional status of the elderly in 497 municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul through the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System to define coverage in each municipality. In phase 2, the municipalities that presented the highest and lowest coverage of Food and Nutritional Surveillance for the elderly were selected. Afterwards, those responsible for Food and Nutritional Surveillance were interviewed in order to identify the intervening factors in the execution of Food and Nutritional Surveillance in the municipalities. The answers were analyzed using the content analysis methodology. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Santa Maria and by the State Health Department of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. 17 health professionals working in the coordination of Food and Nutritional Surveillance participated in the second stage of the study. counties. The total coverage of the registry of the nutritional status of elderly people in RS in SISVAN from 2014 to 2018 ranged from 0.94% to 9.21%, respectively. The analysis of the interviews carried out configured the composition into two categories that allowed for aggregating the meanings produced by the subjects of this study. According to the analysis, it was possible to observe that there are difficulties in recording data in the system, such as lack of time, low integration between the different systems, few actions for the elderly population in the territory, lack of action planning and lack of knowledge on how to do it. the analysis of the collected data. The present study, by analyzing the coverage of the nutritional status of the elderly in the cities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, found low records and sought to understand the intervening factors in the execution of the cycle of care and management of food and nutrition surveillance focusing on the elderly.